The Minimum Wage Should Not Be Raised - 1187 Words

Millions of Americans live in poverty unable to find high paying jobs to support themselves and their families. A common belief is that paying a higher minimum wage would help lift people out of poverty by giving those with low paying jobs a higher income, however the evidence suggests otherwise. The 2016 race to the White House heating up, the minimum wage battle is at the forefront of every economic discussion. The rhetoric between candidates within and across party lines is intensifying. Many differing opinions are being heard. As the debate over whether or not to raise the federal minimum wage from $7.25/hour to $15/hour rages on, one side stands apart time and time again. In order to protect our workforce and the economy of our nation, the minimum wage cannot be raised to $15/hour. Doing so would would have a detrimental effect on the workforce by jeopardizing jobs and restricting people from escaping the grasp of poverty. In order to successfully reduce poverty through economics we must also understand who utilizes the minimum wage, and successful alternatives to raising wages that are available. The seemingly logical idea to raise the minimum wage as a method to increase income in impoverished households is good in theory, however this idea actually harms the exact demographic that it is intended to help. The theory claims that paying higher wages would allow workers to earn more money and raise above the poverty line (Sherk). The side effects of this action make itShow MoreRelatedMinimum Wage Should Be Raised?958 Words   |  4 PagesMinimum Wage Louis Montgomery III English Composition 101 Mrs. Blackwell April 23, 2015 Minimum Wage Do minimum wage jobs help pay the bills? Do minimum wage jobs support the family? Should minimum wage be raised? Will raising the minimum wage reduce poverty? The idea of minimum wage jobs is to help people get work experience without having any skills. Most minimum wage jobs include fast food restaurants and grocery stores. Minimum wageRead MoreShould Minimum Wage Be Raised?1062 Words   |  5 Pagesever pressing question regarding Minimum wage. Not many subjects can ignite a controversy as quickly as that of whether or not minimum wage should be raised, or by how much should it be raised or if it should remain the same. What is minimum wage? By definition, minimum wage is the minimum hourly wage an employer can pay an employee for work. (â€Å"MinimumWage.com†) America’s minimum wage was first introduced by President Franklin D. Roosevelt in 1938. That minimum wage was introduced as part of the FairRead MoreShould Minimum Wage Be Raised? Essay1596 Words   |  7 Pagesgovernment has so generously termed the â€Å"minimum wage†. In Missouri, the minimum wage has been set at a rather appalling $7.65 per hour while in other states there are wages starting as high as $10. Though arguably the economy is not as sluggish and terrible as it once was, $7.65 per hour will not help those who have children, no college degree and debts to pay. It is not only Missouri that has minimum wage laws, but every other state in America has minimum wage laws in place. Both California and SeattleRead MoreMinimum Wage Should Be Raised1145 Words   |  5 PagesThe current minimum wage is $7.25, which equals two gallons of milk, one fast food meal or two gallons of gas. Can you imagine yourself working 12-hours a day and only having enough money to p ay for rent and put food on the table for your family? With working all those long hours, you can barely afford to pay your utility bills and after that you don’t have enough money or time for luxuries like clothing or vacation. You have no savings as matter of fact, you are in a huge debt and you are livingRead MoreShould Minimum Wage Be Raised?870 Words   |  4 PagesShould Minimum Wage Be Raised? Minimum wage has always been a controversial issue. Many politicians use the argument of minimum wage for their own political propaganda. Some may argue minimum wage should be raised, while others believe it will have detrimental effects on our economy if it is raised. Surprising to most people, minimum wage earners make up only a small percent of American workers. According to the Bureau of Labor Statistics, minimum wage workers make up about 2.8% of all workersRead MoreMinimum Wage Should Be Raised935 Words   |  4 PagesMinimum wage is an ongoing debate in the United States. There are some people who think that it should be raised to a higher rate and others who think that it should not. There are many different pros and cons with raising minimum wage. Minimum wage is at a balanced rate that should not be raised due to lack of skill, low education, and economic problems. Jobs that require minimum wage are created for young adults who are in college or high school. They are to help one get one on their feet so thatRead MoreMinimum Wage Should Be Raised910 Words   |  4 Pagesmaximize the American Dream on the minimum wage† (Benjamin Todd Jealous). In 1938, minimum wage was created by the federal government in order to protect workers by ensuring a minimum of twenty-five cents per hour worked. Though President Roosevelt had the right idea in protecting the workforce, something needs to be done to ensure that Americans are getting a reasonable amount of money for the amount of hours they have worked. As Benjamin Todd Jealous stated, minimum wage is not enough for the averageRead MoreThe Minimum Wage Should Be Raised998 Words   |  4 Pagesprestigious job at such a young age. However that is not the case, if the minimum wage is raised to $15 an hour, a 16 year old could make $18,000 yearly working only 25 hours a week at McDonalds. Now for tee nagers that have goals for college or a car, that would money to set aside for the future, however most 16 year olds do not have those goals in mind yet, so that extra money turns into wasted money. As of February 2016 the minimum wage ranges anywhere from $7.25-$10 across the United States. Florida’sRead MoreMinimum Wage Should Not Be Raised863 Words   |  4 Pagesthan triple the minimum wage. If the minimum wage is increased, it would eliminate people’s incentives to improve. On top of that, inflation would occur, and poverty would virtually stay the same. In addition, raising the minimum wage would bring on hardship for small businesses. Of course, one may argue that the minimum should cover the cost of living, but people should have to work for their money. The minimum wage should not be raised in the United States. If the minimum wage were to go up, peopleRead MoreThe Minimum Wage Should Not Be Raised858 Words   |  4 PagesRepublican presidential candidate, Ted Cruz, is of the opinion that the Minimum wage should not be raised. This is a large issue as the current federal minimum wage of $7.25 is not enough to support basic living costs in a fair number of states. Ted Cruz highlights the consequences of raising the minimum wage yet ignores the cons of it remaining static (Ted Cruz on the Minimum Wage). In an article in The Atlantic, the discussion of the cost of living is brought up. The article talks about how the

Comparing The Story of an Hour, by Kate Chopin and The...

The Yellow Wallpaper, by Charlotte Perkins Gilman, and The Story of an Hour, by Kate Chopin are two very similar stories. Both women were controlled by their husbands who caused them to feel an intense desire for freedom. However, the women in the stories had different life experiences and different reactions to their own freedom as a result of their different personalities. Mrs. Mallard in The Story of an Hour had to deal with a sort of burden. Her husband had control over her body and soul. She felt that he lived her life for her and did not believe that anyone had the right to impose a private will on a fellow creature (Chopin). This control caused her to long for freedom from her husbands harsh behavior. Mrs. Mallard†¦show more content†¦The resulting grief because her husband was not dead was so intense that it killed her. In both stories the women?s husbands had direct control over their lives. In ?The Yellow Wallpaper? the narrator?s husband controlled her both mentally and physically. He does not allow her to have any sort of outside stimulation. She is virtually imprisoned in a bedroom, which is supposed to allow her to rest and recover from her bad health. She is forbidden to work and even write something she loves to do. In addition, visitors are not allowed. She says, ?It is so discouraging not to have any advice and companionship about my work?but he says he would as soon put fireworks in my pillow-case as to let me have those stimulating people about now?(Gilman). In ?The Yellow Wallpaper? it seems that the narrator wishes to drive her husband away, spending the entire time hoping for freedom. She explains, ?John is away all day, and even some nights when his cases are serious. I am glad my case is not serious? (Gilman). She is glad to see her husband away so that she may be left alone to do as she pleases without interference from her husband. She is frequently rebelling against her husband?s orders. She writes in her journal and tries to move her bed when there is no one around to see. However, she always keeps an eye out for someone coming. This oppressive nature results in an inferiority complex being developed by the narrator. The narrator is unable to express her opinionShow MoreRelated Comparing Charlotte Perkins Gilmans The Yellow Wallpaper; and Kate Chopins The Story of an Hour1097 Words   |  5 PagesComparing Charlotte Perkins Gilmans The Yellow Wallpaper and Kate Chopins The Story of an Hour The Yellow Wallpaper;, by Charlotte Perkins Gilman, and The Story of an Hour;, by Kate Chopin, are alike in that both of the women in the stories were controlled by their husbands which caused them to feel an intense desire for freedom. Both stories were also written from a feminist point of view. However, the women in the stories had different life changes and different responses to theirRead MoreThe Story Of An Hour And Charlotte Perkins Gilman s The Yellow Wallpaper Essay1670 Words   |  7 PagesA Women’s Role in a Patriarchal Society During the 19th Century Kate Chopin’s The Story of an Hour and Charlotte Perkins Gilman’s The Yellow Wallpaper are two of the first works of feminist literature in the 19th century. They were written at a time when a woman’s lot was characterized by gender inequality, with few legal, social, or political rights. In the 19th century women were constant victims of society’s ideals, defined as physically and intellectually weaker than men. Fathers and husbandsRead MoreThe Story Of An Hour By Kate Chopin And The Yellow Wallpaper1395 Words   |  6 PagesThe Story of an Hour by Kate Chopin and The Yellow Wallpaper by Charlotte Perkins Gilman written in the 1890s both reflect gender roles of this time, specifically women’s roles. In these stories both of the women are oppressed by their marriages, and by the end of the stories both wish to be rid of their husbands. Also, in both of these stories these women experience mental illnesses, mainly depression. These illnesses were l ooked at as something minor during this time, was it because psychologistsRead MoreWomen Of The Victorian Era2428 Words   |  10 Pagesthe ideology of feminine virtue that paralyzed many Victorian women. Some expressed their grievances against male authority, stereotypes about women, and their lack of power in political dilemmas by writing. Female authors such as Charlotte Perkins Gilman and Kate Chopin are leading feminist writers during the age of conflicts between the ideologies of â€Å"True Womanhood† and â€Å"Women’s Rights† and they both made it clear that they were going to work for the rights for themselves and all American womenRead MoreEffects of Thirdperson and First Person1197 Words   |  5 Pagesof Third Person and First Person Can the point of view in which a story is told really change its plot? When reading a story in the first person compared to the third person, one will have two different outlooks on the story. A story being told in the first person can be unreliable at points. It allows you to get inside the protagonists head and know what they are thinking, but you are only limited to their thoughts. While a story told in the third person gives you a little more freedom, you wont

How does chronic stress affect the body Free Essays

string(89) " are used to combat the feelings and emotions an individual feels when put under stress\." Description of problem Stress happens when an â€Å"environmental, social, behavioural factor or combination of factors capable of inducing responses that†¦ may be harmful to physical, mental, and/or emotional health by destabilising the neural, psychological, and/or endocrine equilibrium of the body. When the human body is exposed to stress, psychological, neurological, metabolic, and hormonal reactions are induced.† [Oxford University Press A Dictionary of Public Health, Ed. We will write a custom essay sample on How does chronic stress affect the body? or any similar topic only for you Order Now John M. Last  © 2007]. It is when an individual’s needs surpass their coping ability. This gets worse when something poses as a danger. In evolutionary terms, the stress response is essential for fight or flight. This is when unnecessary bodily systems shut down in order to provide the most energy to the places that are needed to fight to run away such as the muscles. The stress response involves acute stress (triggered by sudden stressors) and chronic stress (an accumulation of stressors). Stress is a physiological response to what is known as a stressor (a stimulus. Stress can be explained by the transactional model of stress. This model that stress only depends on the individual’s perception of demands from themselves and their environment. Primary and secondary appraisal is used to describe this. There are two different types of personalities that affect this appraisal: Type A and Type B. [Nelson Thomas AQA Psychology A, James Bailey, Rosie McGinley, Julia Willerton and Jane Willson  © 2008] A type A personality is someone who is very impatient, competitive and ambitious. These tend to have negative views on life and always think they can do better in their achievements. On the other hand, Type B personalities are very laidback, easy going and relaxed in stressful situations. They usually have positive views on life and try to enjoy life to the full. [http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Type_A_and_Type_B_personality_theory#Ty pe_A] Primary appraisal is when the person looks at the situation and decides whether it is a threat or not. (Type A personalities would most likely see it as a threat whereas Typ e B would see it as a small hurdle) The secondary appraisal is when the person decides whether they are able to cope with the stressor or not. (Type A personalities would most likely say they are not able to cope, whereas Type B personalities would) If the primary appraisal outweighs the secondary appraisal, a state of stress will occur. This is an appropriate method as thoughts and feelings of an individual directly decide what effect happens on the body. The body’s response to stress happens in the nervous system. The autonomic nervous system (ANS) is a part of the peripheral nervous system. It is extremely important in maintaining homeostasis is the nerve impulses transmitted by neurons. There are two separate divisions of the ANS: Sympathetic branch = this controls the arousal determined by stress. It can lead to a faster heart rate and an increase in the individual’s blood pressure. Parasympathetic branch = this carries out the opposite task to the sympathetic branch. It creates a state of physiological calm in the body. http://www.genericlook.com/anatomy/Autonomic-Nervous-System/ These two work together to create a state of homeostasis. This is appropriate as there are two different systems for opposite responses so that they can be activated when needed and deactivated when not needed. In stress, the hypothalamus (part of the diencephalon in the forebrain which controls processes such as the HPA and SAM) will trigger the sympathetic branch. SAM stands for the Sympathetic Adrenal Medullary pathway. When the sympathetic branch is activated by the hypothalamus neurons, it causes the adrenal medulla to release hormones such as adrenaline and noradrenaline into the body’s bloodstream. This affects the cardiac muscle. It constricts the blood vessels which in turn raises the blood pressure. This means that a higher concentration of oxygen is pumped around the body in order to prepare for extreme physical activity. This can be known as fight or flight; an evolutionary response that helps an individuals bodily system either have more strength to prepare fro impact on whatever attacks them or to have the energy to run away from the predator. This process is used in short term stress. This is appropriate for short term stress as the SAM can easily be deactivated and the concentration of these hormones can be decreased rapidly. It does not cause harm to the body which is what should happen if something is short term. HPA stands for Hypothalamic Pituitary Adrenocortical axis. The pituitary gland once activated by the hypothalamus, will release a hormone known as ACTH. This travels to the adrenal cortex and causes it to release a corticosteroid e.g. cortisol. This can have an impact on the immune system. This process is used in long term stress. It is the HPA that is most harmful to the body. Long periods of this stress or chronic stress, can wear out the individuals defence mechanism and hinder its ability to keep circulating the necessary hormones around the body in the bloodstream. http://www.montana.edu/wwwai/imsd/alcohol/Vanessa/vwhpa.htm Increased cardiac activity such as heart rate and blood pressure can cause damage to the endothelial layer of the blood vessels. Blood levels of glucose and free fatty acids stay high and can lead to atherosclerosis. This is when a cholesterol plaque begins to form on the inner lining of the vessels. The white blood cells and platelets that attempt to heal the damage actually end up forming an atheroma. If this completely blocks an artery it can cause a myocardial infarction (a heart attack). It has been proven that stress affects the immune system. It causes a deficiency in its effectiveness and so the individual may be more prone to illness and disease. Stress is a biological problem because it is having an enormous effect on people in every day life. The body is not evolved for such long periods of stress and therefore biologists need to find a solution for it as soon as possible. Main solution The main solution to this problem is the use of drugs. These are used to combat the feelings and emotions an individual feels when put under stress. You read "How does chronic stress affect the body?" in category "Essay examples" An example is Benzodiazepines. Some of these are anti-anxiety pills and others are sleeping pills. They act in the brain to slow down the activity of the central nervous system (CNS). These drugs enhance the activity of the bodies own anxiety releasing drug GABA (a natural anxiety reducing drug) causing relaxation and reducing serotonin activity (serotonin is a neurotransmitter that has an arousing effect) and thus reducing anxiety. This inhibits the release of noradrenaline. [Lippincott Williams Wilkins Drug Therapy in Nursing, Diane S. Aschenbrenner, Samantha J. Venable  © 2008] The above table shows the chemicals and their necessary concentrations that combat the effects of chronic stress. http://www.flyfishingdevon.co.uk/salmon/year2/psy221anxiety/psy221anxiety.htm This diagram shows the effectiveness of benzodiazepines. As you can see, within the first four weeks it instantly gives a reduction in the feeling of stress compared with another drug busipirone. The drawback is shown at the right hand side of the diagram: The withdrawal period increases stress for a short period of time before finally reaching the end of its cycle with a decrease in the feeling of anxiety. http://www.flyfishingdevon.co.uk/salmon/year2/psy221anxiety/psy221anxiety.htm#BDP_GABA_modulin This is appropriate for almost anyone as they are very effective in combating the effects of chronic stress (as shown in the diagram â€Å"Effect of clorazepate (a benzodiazepine) buspirone on anxiety during treatment and withdrawal†). They are also easy to use and easy to access from a GP. However, they are only appropriate for times when the stressor is not consistent. For example, if the stressor (like exams) were only there for a certain amount of time, a patient could take the drugs and when the exams were over, they could stop taking the drugs and not resort back to being stressed. If it was cause by stress of a new promotion at work, the patient could not take the drugs for an unlimited time as the stressor would not go away and therefore the patient might start to depend on them. Implications of main solution Economic = Drugs to combat the effects of stress and anxiety can be very expensive. Prolonged use of drugs such as benzodiazepines and beta blockers make the expense rapidly add up. Extensive use may set you back a large amount of your income. Because of this, it may be a good idea to try another form of combating stress prior to resorting to drugs. If accessed free from the NHS, this uses their money which is not good for society as a whole as it uses the government’s money and may be at the expense of quality NHS services for others. There is an advantage of this implication as the money is being spent for a good use that will help change someone’s stress level, but GP’s will have to be careful that they prescribe the drugs for the right patients and not unnecessarily prescribe it as this is a waste of money. Social = It is very easy to get addicted to the anti-anxiety drugs. They are not seen as being in the same category as street drugs such as heroin and cocaine, and therefore the individual may fail to see the drug as a possible threat for addiction. This may mean that if the individual views taking the drugs as necessary, they fail to control their use. They could rely heavily on them and not be able to stop taking them when the stress effects disappear. They tend to have a tranquilising effect and this state encourages individuals to realise that they cannot be sentenced to stress after taking the drugs. It is very hard, once addicted, to wean yourself off them. Withdrawal symptoms are likely to be present. Even low-dose benzodiazepines (which are relatively safe in comparison with other anti-anxiety drugs such as beta-blockers) can lead to withdrawal symptoms, known as benzodiazepines withdrawal syndrome. This includes insomnia, muscle spasms, blurred vision, chest pain, fatigue, p aranoia, nausea and OCD (obsessive compulsive disorder). This is why those who prescribe them limit their use to just two weeks as they do not want to patient to reach this level. Benefits and risks to humans The drugs act extremely quickly and can save lives in extreme cases of hypertension caused by stress. They are very effective and tests have proven that the drugs work. Outcomes are used as proof for this. They are very easy to use and do not take much effort from the user. It doesn’t take any time, whereas professional help may take months or even years. The user does not need to motivate them to change their perception. They can still think the way they choose to but will be relieved from the effects of stress. Other solutions may require the individual to work hard at changing their life. However, the drugs may cause paradoxical symptoms [Folens The Complete Companion: Psychology AS, Mike Cardwell and Cara Flanagan  © 2008] like an increase in mood swings such as aggressiveness or cognitive side effects such as long term memory impairment. There can also be fatigue and a feeling of sedation from the tranquiliser effect. The drugs can lead to a state of physiological dependence or addiction. This presents withdrawal symptoms on the individual and the feeling that they cannot stop their usage. This can be extremely dangerous if ignored. http://prescriptionworld.org/wp-content/uploads/2010/11/1290556839-66.gif The diagram above shows the comparison of harm gained from taking benzodiazepines in comparison with other drugs such as heroin and solvents. It is a class C drug with is harmful but not life threatening. However, benzodiazepines are positioned 1.7 out of 3 on the mean harm rating scale. This compared with 1.1 of ecstasy (a class A drug) just shows us how harmful they can be to health. Drugs will only treat the symptoms of stress and anxiety rather than the actual causes. This could mean that as soon as the course of drugs is finished, the stress could reappear just as bad as it was previously. This means it is only a temporary solution because as soon as the treatment is over the effectiveness stops. Psychological help combined with the drugs may be the best option as the drugs give instant help and the psychological methods may aid in long term recovery. Alternative solution 1 Another way to combat stress could be with help from a psychologist to alter your personality to more of a Type B. This, in turn, aids perception of being able to cope with the stress. MethodDescription Active copingTaking direct action to deal with a problem Seeking instrumental supportTalking to others about the problem, looking for practical advice and support Seeking emotional supportDiscussing feelings about a problem with friends and family Focus on and venting of emotionsBecoming upset and expressing feelings when distressed HumourLaughing and making fun of the situation. [Nelson Thomas AQA Psychology A, James Bailey, Rosie McGinley, Julia Willerton and Jane Willson  © 2008] The table above shows a series of methods introduced by a psychologist to reduce the effects of stress. A psychologist may highlight the difference between personality types. Type A personalities will use avoidant coping (cope with the stress by ignoring it and hoping it will go away and are in denial of it as a problem and therefore use no methods to deal with it) and emotion focused coping (cope with the stress by trying to get rid of the emotions), whereas Type B personalities will use approach coping (cope wit stress by tackling it head on to reduce it more it develops into a worse problem) and problem focused coping (cope with stress by trying to reduce the problem in their lives that is causing the stress to prevent any stress appearing from it). Another method that is used is stress inoculation training. It alters our image of the things that cause us stress. It involves three stages: Conceptualisation phase: the individual is educated from a psychologist to view stressors as not a threat, but rather a challenge that can easily be overcome. This changes the person’s concept of stress. Skills acquisition phase: specialist skills are taught and adapted to each client’s individual situation. For example, a businessman who is struggling to meet deadlines may be taught time management skills, whereas a new mother who is struggling with knowing how to manage a newborn child may receive advice on social support systems. Application phase: The individuals are given opportunities to be in real-life situations and apply their newfound knowledge. They psychologist will place the client in increasingly stressful situations until they feel they can apply their skills to anything. [Folens The Complete Companion: Psychology AS, Mike Cardwell and Cara Flanagan  © 2008] This method is appropriate for individuals who have long-term stressors and need to learn to perceive those stressors in certain ways and they will never go away. It is unsuitable, however, if the individual is not motivated as it requires a lot of determination for the procedure to work. Alternative solution 2 This is relieving stress by physical activity. Chronic stress may cause an increased level of glucose and a higher concentration of free fatty acids in the bloodstream. This can cause atherosclerosis. Regular cardiovascular exercise will decrease heart rate and also blood pressure. This prevents any chance of an atheroma being formed. Even though the stress will still occur, the lower cardiac rates mean that the impact of stress will not be as harmful as it will already be lower than it should be before it affects the body. Exercise has mental and psychological effects such as boosted self esteem and happiness. Therefore, it will reduce the chances of clinical states such as depression happening. The positive moods that take place indirectly from exercising will help in coping with stress. This may be more appropriate for individuals under stress as it is self inflicted and doesn’t cost anything. This means it has no economical implications. It may also have positive social implications as exercise is sociable, which could in turn reduce stress effects. Bibliography Folens The Complete Companion: Psychology AS, Mike Cardwell and Cara Flanagan  © 2008 Nelson Thomas AQA Psychology A, James Bailey, Rosie McGinley, Julia Willerton and Jane Willson  © 2008 Oxford University Press A Dictionary of Public Health, Ed. John M. Last  © 2007 Bias = the author is a Professor of Epidemiology and Community Medicine from the University of Ottawa. As he is a professor at a top university in America, he is likely to know the true facts about matters relating to health. He should not be biased. Reliability = the same information is found when I cross-referenced with a stress website [http://stress.about.com/od/understandingstress/u/effects_of _stress.htm] because I found similar information in another source, I can state that the information from this dictionary is consistent and therefore reliable. Accuracy/Validity = It has been peer reviewed by Dowdy’s: â€Å"This book covers a unique balance of the most significant terms and phrases as well as specialized vocabulary related to the issues and trends in the multidisciplinary nature of public health. Recommended†¦for large academic libraries.† The fact that it is recommended for public use implies that it is a very accurate source with little error. http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Type_A_and_Type_B_personality_theory#Ty pe_A Accessed 24th February 2011 Bias = It is unknown who the author of this text is as it can be edited by anyone who wants to make a change to the webpage. They may not have any link with the subject matter in hand. As the webpage I talking about personality types, it may be biased if the writer wants to try and fit themselves in one of the categories as they are writing. Reliability = Similar information was found when I cross referenced from an article in the Guardian [Sarah Wilson Type A and B Personalities 7th March 2009], however, a newspaper article may not be fully correct either which tells me that although the ideas are consistent in both texts, they may not be 100% reliable. Accuracy/Validity = as anyone can change the information written, it is likely that the information is valid. If someone spots a mistake they are likely to change this. However, it can be interpreted as if anyone can produce this information, there is no way of knowing whether it is correct or not. http://www.genericlook.com/anatomy/Autonomic-Nervous-System/ http://www.montana.edu/wwwai/imsd/alcohol/Vanessa/vwhpa.htm Lippincott Williams Wilkins Drug Therapy in Nursing, Diane S. Aschenbrenner, Samantha J. Venable  © 2008 http://www.flyfishingdevon.co.uk/salmon/year2/psy221anxiety/psy221anxiety.htm http://www.flyfishingdevon.co.uk/salmon/year2/psy221anxiety/psy221anxiety.htm#BDP_GABA_modulin http://prescriptionworld.org/wp-content/uploads/2010/11/1290556839-66.gif http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Benzodiazepine_withdrawal_syndrome#Signs_and_symptoms How to cite How does chronic stress affect the body?, Essay examples

Cranes Poetry and William Cullen Bryant Essay Example For Students

Cranes: Poetry and William Cullen Bryant Essay Lang and Lit Paper 1 Sample Tastelessness comments for Sample Paper 1 Essays Paper 1 Sample Essays Posted on October 18, 2012 by tonally Please read the Paper 1 Sample Texts before you read this post. Then try to write your own analysis and compare it to the following HAL samples. Paper 1 HAL Sample 1. 1 (birds) In this comparative commentary, Cranes by Jennifer Ackerman and To a Waterfowl by William Culled Bryant will be compared and contrasted. Even though one is a scientific, informative article, and the other one is a descriptive poem, they still have a common theme, cranes and their migration. As mentioned, the theme of both texts is crane migrations. However, the content of the works greatly defers. The article talks about a new crane reserve, where cranes, which are an endangered species, are grown In what looks them like a completely natural environment, but actually, they are still protected by humans, according to the article, In crane costumes. The article says that these cranes have been raised In captivity, but never heard a human voice nor seen a human form, except in crane costume (Lines 9. 10). The poem is much more personal and talks about a particular cranes flight, struggle to escape the hunter and its demise. As we see, both texts are about cranes, but their audience and purpose is different. To a Waterfowl is a poem and it is meant to express the authors feelings to the reader through the flight off crane. The poem is meant for a more mature audience, because it is complex, written in old English, which children cant easily understand, and has a serious theme. On the other hand, the article doesnt choose its audience judging by their name and age, it is simply people who are Interested In crane gyrations, especially In the USA. Its purpose Is to Inform the reader about the new crane migration project In central Wisconsin. Narration and description are similar to a nature documentary film, we see that in line 7, where the author says big sky, undulations of tall marsh grasses, wild whopping cranes. After the highly descriptive introduction, the narrator goes on to talk about their project. From that point, the articles scientific mood comes into play. The poem starts off with an easy-going flow, which dramatists as the hunter appears and gets more and more dramatic until the cranes death, ultimately leading to a dad-out effect in the tutor. The stylistic devices in both texts rely heavily on description, especially in the poem, where we see a lot of sensory details, such as weedy lake, rocking billows, crimson sky This lets us completely imagine the landscape the flight is taking place in. To get the reader more into the poem, the author address the reader as he is the crane, like in line 2, where he says Far, through their rosy depths, dost thou pursue thy solitary way? . This type of narration gives us the cranes point of view, but much more importantly, a personal emotional connection with the crane. The stylistic devices in the article are not that broadly used, except for the beginning. This is quite common in scientific articles. In conclusion, we see how two completely different texts by structure use completely different m ethods of narration, description, but share a common goal to portray their common theme of crane migrations, be it in a scientific way or an emotional descriptive poem. Paper 1 HAL Sample 1. (birds) People have always been fascinated by birds. Text 1, an article from National Geographic from 2004, and Text 2, a poem by William Culled Bryant from 181 5, show owe people and birds learn from each other. While these texts explore experiences that people have with birds, they target different audiences and use different techniques. These differences are largely accounted for by the different contexts in which they were written. Text 1 is very characteristic of a Journalistic article for National Geographic, which targets nature-minded readers. .u7dd3031d1f8efd40c484800f6de5e3d7 , .u7dd3031d1f8efd40c484800f6de5e3d7 .postImageUrl , .u7dd3031d1f8efd40c484800f6de5e3d7 .centered-text-area { min-height: 80px; position: relative; } .u7dd3031d1f8efd40c484800f6de5e3d7 , .u7dd3031d1f8efd40c484800f6de5e3d7:hover , .u7dd3031d1f8efd40c484800f6de5e3d7:visited , .u7dd3031d1f8efd40c484800f6de5e3d7:active { border:0!important; } .u7dd3031d1f8efd40c484800f6de5e3d7 .clearfix:after { content: ""; display: table; clear: both; } .u7dd3031d1f8efd40c484800f6de5e3d7 { display: block; transition: background-color 250ms; webkit-transition: background-color 250ms; width: 100%; opacity: 1; transition: opacity 250ms; webkit-transition: opacity 250ms; background-color: #95A5A6; } .u7dd3031d1f8efd40c484800f6de5e3d7:active , .u7dd3031d1f8efd40c484800f6de5e3d7:hover { opacity: 1; transition: opacity 250ms; webkit-transition: opacity 250ms; background-color: #2C3E50; } .u7dd3031d1f8efd40c484800f6de5e3d7 .centered-text-area { width: 100%; position: relative ; } .u7dd3031d1f8efd40c484800f6de5e3d7 .ctaText { border-bottom: 0 solid #fff; color: #2980B9; font-size: 16px; font-weight: bold; margin: 0; padding: 0; text-decoration: underline; } .u7dd3031d1f8efd40c484800f6de5e3d7 .postTitle { color: #FFFFFF; font-size: 16px; font-weight: 600; margin: 0; padding: 0; width: 100%; } .u7dd3031d1f8efd40c484800f6de5e3d7 .ctaButton { background-color: #7F8C8D!important; color: #2980B9; border: none; border-radius: 3px; box-shadow: none; font-size: 14px; font-weight: bold; line-height: 26px; moz-border-radius: 3px; text-align: center; text-decoration: none; text-shadow: none; width: 80px; min-height: 80px; background: url(https://artscolumbia.org/wp-content/plugins/intelly-related-posts/assets/images/simple-arrow.png)no-repeat; position: absolute; right: 0; top: 0; } .u7dd3031d1f8efd40c484800f6de5e3d7:hover .ctaButton { background-color: #34495E!important; } .u7dd3031d1f8efd40c484800f6de5e3d7 .centered-text { display: table; height: 80px; padding-left : 18px; top: 0; } .u7dd3031d1f8efd40c484800f6de5e3d7 .u7dd3031d1f8efd40c484800f6de5e3d7-content { display: table-cell; margin: 0; padding: 0; padding-right: 108px; position: relative; vertical-align: middle; width: 100%; } .u7dd3031d1f8efd40c484800f6de5e3d7:after { content: ""; display: block; clear: both; } READ: Empowering the Unempowered: Character Analysis EssayText 2, on the other hand is characteristic of Romantic poetry from the 19th century, read by literary enthusiasts. We see the Journalistic nature of the National Geographic article in its reporting of newsworthy content. There is something extraordinary about people wearing crane costumes (line 1 1) who teach young cranes how to fly and migrate from an ultrahigh plane (line 16). Whats more, the Journalist explains that this practice is happening in Siberia as well. Whereas birds learn from people in remarkable ways in Text 1, the poet, William Culled Bryant learns a life lesson (line 26) from one bird in Text 2. The poet has written an ode to this waterfowl, who has taught him about the importance of solitude and steadfastness. We know that it is an ode through the use of poetic language, the title To a Waterfowl, the use of rhyming trains and apostrophe, (when a poet asks an object a question). These qualities require readers to hear the spoken word, and therefore the audience is most likely they come from different centuries and target different audiences. Although the purposes and contexts of these texts are different, they comment on a similar theme: the importance of nature. Text 1 is built on the assumption that nature and the whooping crane must be preserved. Lines 24-27 describe a plan to restore the birds knowledge of the ancient flyway. The extreme measures that are taken to help these rids migrate, including the costumes, the reserves and the gliders, are never questioned in this article. The message of Text 2 is also built on the premise that nature is important. The poet asks the crane why it pursues its solitary ways (line 4). Eventually he claims that the birds purpose is to guide him on his lonely path in life, as stated in the final stanza: He who, from zone to zone, / Guides through the boundless sky they certain flight, / In the long way that I must tread alone, / Will lead my steps aright. Its message is very characteristic of Romantic poetry: We can learn how to live through observing nature. As in Text 1, the premise that we must preserve nature and look to it for inspiration is never questioned but affirmed. As the texts have a common theme, there are also similarities in their use of tone and mood. As Text 1 aims to engage readers with the fate of the whooping cranes in North America, it uses diction that is descriptive. The narrator seems to be hiding in the reeds or emerald green grasses (line 3). This colorful choice of words indicates that she is enthralled by the natural elements around her. Words like snow-white plumage and elegant black wingtips that spread like fingertips are rather poetic and ketch an image in the readers mind that is quite romantic, rural and rustic. The effect of this descriptive language on the reader is both intriguing and sympathetic. As the interviewee whispers to the reporter, the reader becomes drawn in and concerned about the fate of the whooping crane. Similarly, Bryant makes use of descriptive language that engages the reader. Phrases like the crimson sky, the abyss of heaven and the chafed ocean side all paint an image in the readers mind and make the text come to life. Besides the choice of words and the use of imagery, both authors use structural vices to convince the reader of their cause. For example, Text 1 plays a clever trick on the reader. After a colorful attention grabber, in which the Journalist describes the whooping crane in its habitat, the second paragraph explains that this Would be a primordial scene. She explains that the cranes are in fact in pens, which surprises the reader. Like the use of imagery, this structural device also has the effect of intriguing the reader. The reader wants to learn more about why the chicks have never heard a human voice (Lionel), why the humans wear crane costumes (line 1 1) ND there is a runway for an ultrahigh plane (line 17). .ua64404cbb483cf7f345cf12d4c337a49 , .ua64404cbb483cf7f345cf12d4c337a49 .postImageUrl , .ua64404cbb483cf7f345cf12d4c337a49 .centered-text-area { min-height: 80px; position: relative; } .ua64404cbb483cf7f345cf12d4c337a49 , .ua64404cbb483cf7f345cf12d4c337a49:hover , .ua64404cbb483cf7f345cf12d4c337a49:visited , .ua64404cbb483cf7f345cf12d4c337a49:active { border:0!important; } .ua64404cbb483cf7f345cf12d4c337a49 .clearfix:after { content: ""; display: table; clear: both; } .ua64404cbb483cf7f345cf12d4c337a49 { display: block; transition: background-color 250ms; webkit-transition: background-color 250ms; width: 100%; opacity: 1; transition: opacity 250ms; webkit-transition: opacity 250ms; background-color: #95A5A6; } .ua64404cbb483cf7f345cf12d4c337a49:active , .ua64404cbb483cf7f345cf12d4c337a49:hover { opacity: 1; transition: opacity 250ms; webkit-transition: opacity 250ms; background-color: #2C3E50; } .ua64404cbb483cf7f345cf12d4c337a49 .centered-text-area { width: 100%; position: relative ; } .ua64404cbb483cf7f345cf12d4c337a49 .ctaText { border-bottom: 0 solid #fff; color: #2980B9; font-size: 16px; font-weight: bold; margin: 0; padding: 0; text-decoration: underline; } .ua64404cbb483cf7f345cf12d4c337a49 .postTitle { color: #FFFFFF; font-size: 16px; font-weight: 600; margin: 0; padding: 0; width: 100%; } .ua64404cbb483cf7f345cf12d4c337a49 .ctaButton { background-color: #7F8C8D!important; color: #2980B9; border: none; border-radius: 3px; box-shadow: none; font-size: 14px; font-weight: bold; line-height: 26px; moz-border-radius: 3px; text-align: center; text-decoration: none; text-shadow: none; width: 80px; min-height: 80px; background: url(https://artscolumbia.org/wp-content/plugins/intelly-related-posts/assets/images/simple-arrow.png)no-repeat; position: absolute; right: 0; top: 0; } .ua64404cbb483cf7f345cf12d4c337a49:hover .ctaButton { background-color: #34495E!important; } .ua64404cbb483cf7f345cf12d4c337a49 .centered-text { display: table; height: 80px; padding-left : 18px; top: 0; } .ua64404cbb483cf7f345cf12d4c337a49 .ua64404cbb483cf7f345cf12d4c337a49-content { display: table-cell; margin: 0; padding: 0; padding-right: 108px; position: relative; vertical-align: middle; width: 100%; } .ua64404cbb483cf7f345cf12d4c337a49:after { content: ""; display: block; clear: both; } READ: Analysis of Wilfred Owen's Poetry EssayThe facts follow, including the number of miles they fly, the number of birds that participate and the similar project in Siberia. This kind of structure is characteristic of a feature article. The structure of the poem is very different, but equally effective in its aim of creating sympathy for nature and birds. As mentioned the poem is an ode, where the poet praises the qualities of an object and finds inspiration in it. Furthermore there is a rhyming scheme and rhythm that are aesthetically appealing to the reader. The homes with the final word of line 3, pursue. Line 2, day, rhymes with line 4 Way. This creates a sense of harmony and perfection that relates to the poets understanding of the waterfowl. Each line contains loose iambic feet, meaning there are unstressed syllables followed by stressed syllables. There are three iambic feet in the first and last lines of each quatrain and five feet in the second and third lines of each quatrain, creating short-long-long-short pattern to each stanza. The effect of this pattern is that the reader feels a rocking sensation, which may relate to the teddy flap of the birds wings or the poets pondering mood.